It happened February 11, 8:44 Pacific Standard Time, at the Point Mugu Naval Air Warfare Center-Weapons Division Sea Range off the central California coast. The missile—representing a SCUD—launched from a platform at sea. Second later, the Airborne Laser Test Bed's sensors—flying on a Boeing 747-400F—detected the launch, tracking its trajectory with a low-energy tracking laser. A second laser was focused ont he missile to measure the atmospheric disturbance, gathering data to achieve the perfect firing solution.

Seconds later, the ALTC unleashed its megawatt-class High Energy Laser, causing a massive structural failure in the missile as it was rising in the sky. In other words: Boom. The engagement took only two minutes, demonstrating that this weapon will be extremely useful in destroying waves of missiles, one after the other. Like Missile Command, but from the air. [Boeing and Lockheed Martin]

The Scorpion is designed as a possible replacement for the current, heavier munitions on Predator drones, or, in concert with a "Gunslinger" deployment pod (not unlike a plane-mountable version of the aerodynamic ejection pod seen above) as a way retrofit heavier larger, typically less-armed planes with laser-guided bombing capabilities. Despite being years into the development process (these internal videos date back to 2006), Lockheed hasn't secured any buyers yet. And yeah, as far as weapons technology goes, the Scorpion is a relatively minor upgrade. But what isn't at all minor in the number of times I've watched these videos today, each time expecting an explosion, and never, ever getting it. [Danger Room]

The Sabre Warrior drone is 46 feet long, with a 36-foot wingspan, capable of taking off with 30,000 pounds of load using a 22,000-pound trust afterburning turbofan engine. It has two modular payload sections, which can be changed by soldiers in the field. Each bay can handle one 2,000 pound or two AIM-120 AMRAAM missiles or 10 smart bombs or sensors, or even fuel for extended range missions—even while this thing is air refuelable.

Its twin nose can also hold multiple sensors, which are interchangeable. And it is designed so there could be a version with a cockpit, so they can send man version as an on-the-scene controller, overlooking over the unmanned versions.

Ah Lockheed Martin's SkunkWorks, always working on making all our nightmares real, you nutty engineers who don't watch apocalyptical movies you. OK people, we may as well burn the office and run to the hills now. [Defense Tech]

Based on what Lockheed Martin's John Mengucci is saying, the contract's main focus is to make preparations for attacks through our most beloved medium:

"New network threats and attacks require revolutionary protection concepts. Through this project, as well as our cyber Mission Maker initiatives, we are working to enhance cyber security and ensure that warfighters can fight on despite cyber attacks."

We're not really seeing much more information about the details of what Lockheed and Microsoft will be doing, but we can start shouting about Skynet anyway, right? [The Register via Slashdot]

Photo by YOO - Social Software for Business

Dubbed the Long Endurance Multi-intelligence Vehicle (LEMV), the craft will be based on Lockheed Martin's P-791 experimental hybrid airship, which you can see in the video below. The smaller P-791 was 125-foot long, but flew six tests in 2006. It's known as a hybrid because only 80% of its lift comes from buoyancy; the other 20% comes from three downward thrusters on each side.

As for the LEMV: a 40-foot long, 15-foot wide area behind the only sometimes-manned cockpit will carry intelligence systems, like radar and wide-area motion sensors, that will beam information back to commanders on the ground.

Totally makes me think of Aeon Flux or Sky Captain and the World of Tomorrow. Crazy.
[Aviation Week via The Register]

It's such a short time before the skies over Florida will no longer thunder to the sound of the Space Shuttle's main engines under full thrust. But that doesn't mean that after September 16, 2010, there will be any letup in the requirements to put people and hardware into orbit. What ships are in line to hop into the venerable old Shuttle's shoes? Five, at last count, all with their own talents and differences.

Check out each photo in the gallery, a dossier of facts about the next vehicles that will take us and our crap into orbit, and possibly to the moon and Mars:

And there you have it. Though none of these Space Shuttle replacements appears quite as glamorous or high-tech, each is special in its own way—and with any luck they could all be cheaper and more reliable in getting people and hardware into space. Orion, of course, has a historic future ahead of it, as it follows in the Apollo program's footsteps and takes man back to the Moon.

Additional Resources and Photo Sources:
Orion: NASA and Wikipedia
Dragon: SpaceX and Wikipedia
Cygnus: Orbital and Wikipedia
PPTS: Russian Space Web and Wikipedia
Kliper: Russian Space Web and Wikipedia

The helicopter I have now seems perfectly adequate to me. (Laughter.) Of course, I've never had a helicopter before — (laughter) — maybe I've been deprived and I didn't know it. (Laughter.) But I think it is a — it is a — an example of the procurement process gone amuck. And we're going to have to fix it.

Of course, since the Pentagon already made the arrangements, Obama will still be riding in a helicopter that costs as much as Air Force One. [Actually, the 1.5+ billion is for 28 helicopters not only one, and according to Lockheed Martin, the Pentagon and the Secret Service, he needs them all: "They are stationed all around the country/world, just like a multiple-personality Air Force One aircraft." Also, the helicopter is American. The airframe is being built now by Agusta Westland Bell in the UK now, after being tested by Lockheed on the Merlin program. After the first few are built in Europe, the rest will be built by Bell in the USA, with Lockheed Martin adding the electronics in Owego, NY.-JD]

To me, the only fair solution would be to offer taxpayers the occasional opportunity to "bum a ride." [The White House and The Register via CrunchGear]

Last week it was Boeing's Airborne Laser first full trial, then the anti-missile rocket launched at Vanderberg Airforce Base, and now it is the—quite amazing, I've to admit—Multiple Kill Vehicle hovering test, a system designed to neutralize Inter-Continental Ballistic Missiles, flying into falling warheads and decoys to eliminate them, one by one, with mini-vehicles. As President-elect Obama gets ready to cut unnecessary military programs, Lockheed Martin, Boeing, Northrop Grumman, and the Pentagon are hurrying to demonstrate their ongoing projects. The question is: Would cutting such programs—which generate highly-skilled employment and advance technology—actually help the economy? Would military cuts make the US irrelevant in the long run or could we transition to a more peaceful aerospace industry?

Here's a video of the first test of Lockheed Martin's Multiple Kill Vehicle, hovering and moving in 3D space with deadly precision. But while the video is amazing on itself, how does the MKV work?

The Lockheed Martin's Multiple Kill Vehicle will be the first anti-ballistic missile system designed to search and destroy multiple warheads and countermeasures using a single launcher. First, the MKV-L will fly to encounter the cloud of multiple warheads and decoys being deployed by the enemy missile. Then, instead of exploding, the MKV will maneuver through the threats launching several kill vehicles, each targeted at the different objects on the air, both real dangers and dummies set to deceive missile defenses.

During the test at the Edwards Air Force Base in California, the full-scale prototype MKV flew for 30 seconds, maneuvering while tracking a target at an altitude of 23 feet.

For some reason, seeing this thing floating over the air scares the bejeezus out of me. Maybe it's the way it moves combined with the stuttering sound, but it certainly looks deadly. Fortunately, it will only be deadly to weapons from the bad guys.

The Phoenix Lander's Mission Manager at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory—Chris Lewicki—said that they "were hoping that another variation in weather might give [them] an opportunity to contact the lander again."

In other words: If the Phoenix's hardware survives the extreme—150º F of the Marian winter—NASA controllers will begin trying to revive it again in Spring. They will do so by issuing commands from the two Mars orbiters, and wishing that the probe would have enough strength to restart. Hopefully it will be successful, because everything deserves a second chance. [Aviation Week]

The story of Phoenix's tweeting started when it became clear that the landing date—the most critical point of any mission—would be over Memorial Day weekend, when many American hit the road for beaches, barbecues and beer. McGregor realized that Twitter's SMS updates may have been the perfect way to reach people interested in the mission via their phones when they weren't in front of a TV or computer.

So a few weeks before Phoenix was scheduled to land on Mars, without thinking about it too much, Veronica started a Twitter page for the mission with a single tweet: "Less than 20 days till I land on Mars!" On top of reaching people's phones, Twitter also seemed like the perfect way to get info out quickly and easily without having to deal with the typical NASA bureacracy that tended to bog down news blogs for past missions.

There was no publicity, no big media push to promote it—just a single announcement on a serious space geek forum, unmannedspaceflight.com. But the next day, over 3,000 people were following MarsPhoenix on Twitter. The day after that: 6,000. And after getting tossed around on the bigger Tweeters feeds, it was off.

"After that, I kind of had a "there goes my summer" moment." Veronica remembers. "After we saw that everybody else was mentioning it, we thought 'hey maybe we should put something on our homepage.'"

Two specifics of Twitter's messaging format made Phoenix's tweets take off. To fit into the 140 character max for each post, writing tweets in first-person quickly became the easiest way to squeeze in the most possible information.

Second is Twitter's direct response feature, which allowed Veronica to answer submitted questions in the best way possible. Who wouldn't want to receive a first-person tweet directly addressed to them?

Now with over 39,000 followers, with almost no one dropping the feed now that the mission is technically complete, MarsPhoenix is one of the biggest Tweeters in the history of the site. It no surprise, then, that Veronica has also been tweeting for the Spirit and Opportunity rovers (although not in first person, as per the mission director) and plans to carry on in first person for the upcoming Mars Science Lab mission.

We here at Giz were honored to be the home for Phoenix's final words, although sometimes it's kind of a morale-killer: how could my posts ever possibly top a robot's coming direct from Mars?

If you are reading this, then my mission is probably over.

This final entry is one that I asked be posted after my mission team announces they’ve lost contact with me. Today is that day and I must say good-bye, but I do it in triumph and not in grief.

As I’ve said before, there’s no other place I’d rather be than here. My mission lasted five months instead of three, and I’m content knowing that I worked hard and accomplished great things during that time. My work here is done, but I leave behind a legacy of images and data.

In that sense, you haven’t heard the end of me. Scientists will be releasing findings based on my data for months, possibly years, to come and today’s children will read of my discoveries in their textbooks. Engineers will use my experience during landing and surface operations to aid in designing future robotic missions.

But for now, it’s time for me to hunker down and brave what will be a long and cold autumn and winter. Temperatures should reach -199F (-128C) and a polar cap of carbon dioxide ice will envelop me in an icy tomb.

Seasons on Mars last about twice as long as seasons on Earth, so if you’re wondering when the next Martian spring in the northern hemisphere begins, it’s one Earth-year away—October 27, 2009. The next Martian summer solstice, when maximum sunlight would hit my solar arrays, falls on May 13, 2010.

That’s a long time away. And it’s one of the reasons there isn’t much hope that I’ll ever contact home again.

For my mission teams on Earth, I bid a special farewell and thank you. For the thousands of you who joined me on this journey with your correspondence, I will miss you dearly. I hope you’ll look to my kindred robotic explorers as they seek to further humankind’s quest to learn and understand our place in the universe. The rovers, Spirit and Opportunity (@MarsRovers), are still operating in their sun belt locations closer to the Martian equator; Cassini (@CassiniSaturn) is sailing around Saturn and its rings; and the Mars Science Laboratory (@MarsScienceLab)—the biggest rover ever built for launch to another planet—is being carefully pieced together for launch next year.

My mission team has promised to update my Twitter feed as more of my science discoveries are announced. If I’m lucky, perhaps one of the orbiters will snap a photo of me when spring comes around.

So long Earth. I’ll be here to greet the next explorers to arrive, be they robot or human.

It's been a great pleasure to have Mars Phoenix guest blogging for us, reminiscing back on a successful mission via its personality conjurer, the great Veronica McGregor at JPL—maintainer of Phoenix's famous Twitter feed. Just as Doug McCuistion from NASA said on the news conference today, it's certainly more of an Irish wake than a funeral today. We're drinking to you tonight, little buddy. You can see all of Phoenix's previous entries and the official press release announcing the end of Phoenix's mission.

Past entries:
• Phoenix Mars Lander Looks Back on its Re-Birth
• This is What Landing On Mars Feels Like
• Martian Ice Is Why I'm Alive and Why I'm Dying

As a polar explorer, my entire mission depended on ice. I was sent to Mars to find clues to the water history of Mars—data that would help determine whether the planet was ever hospitable to life—by studying its water ice. Without it, my mission would be toast, but in the end, it’s what will ultimately kill me.

Using data from the Odyssey orbiter, scientists predicted I’d land on top of subsurface ice, completely hidden from view below inches of red Martian topsoil. It would probably take a few to several days, maybe even weeks, of tireless digging with my robotic arm to find it. Or so they thought.

Before I could dig, I first had to check some blind spots around my base that were hidden from the view of my main camera. Engineers wanted the smaller camera on my robotic arm to check under the deck and around my footpads to be sure there weren’t any large rocks that could be an obstacle to the moving arm.

In one of the great serendipitous moments of the mission, my peek underneath showed solid patches of what appeared to be exposed ice. The blast of my retro rockets during landing had blown away the topsoil, revealing what I’d come for.

In the mission downlink room, where the teams gather to watch my images coming back, scientists and engineers did a double take at the computer screens. People jumped. Someone yelled “holy cow!” The phrase stuck and became the name for the patches.

It was only five days into the mission and already it was off to a wonderful start.

A few weeks later, with digging underway, scientists stared at their screens again when before-and-after images showed small chunks had disappeared from a trench. It was another sign they were waiting for. The vanishing act could only be explained as sublimation, the transformation of a solid to a vapor, and additional proof I’d uncovered ice.

By the end of my prime 90-day mission, I had found water ice under the surface, seasonal frost on the surface, water ice clouds in the sky and even falling water ice crystals. Yes, snow falling. From ice clouds just like these:

As my mission progressed into late summer, I saw a Martian sunset for the first time. It was a beautiful sight, but also a chilling one. Losing the midnight sun meant less energy for my solar panels. It also meant colder temperatures and eventually the need to run heaters to keep myself warm enough to survive. The combination of generating less power and needing more power to stay warm was expected – and deadly.

On the last day I conducted science, sol 151 (Oct 27), a perfect storm converged. A combination of ice clouds and a dust storm had darkened the sky, causing a dramatic drop in sunlight reaching my solar panels. As I worked to finish my final science operation of the day, power levels reached a critical point. To make matters worse, temperatures dropped to the lowest point of any time in the mission, and the heaters kicked in for the very first time. With that, my last bit of power drained away.
This is my "telltale" blowing in the storm's strong winds.

Thankfully, my systems are built to automatically attempt to jumpstart my heart again, should my batteries begin to receive power again. This is my Lazurus mode (I’ve used up just about all of the life-after-death metaphors!). On a few recent days since the storm, my Lazarus mode has brought me back to life when sunlight hits my panels, giving me enough energy to send a beep to an orbiter before I lose power again. The cycle repeats and could go on for days. But it will have to stop, one day. And I fear that day is coming up sooner than later.

My instruments, including a miniature chemistry lab, an oven to bake samples and analyze their vapors, an optical and an atomic force microscope, a laser (which discovered the snow), and a weather station worked valiantly throughout the mission and sent back enough data to keep the scientists busy for months, if not years, to come. My scientific work here may be done, but I’m still alive. And my story on Mars is far from finished.

You can find Phoenix Lander's previous Giz entries here and its Twitter feed here.

Just over five months ago, on May 25, I was zooming along toward the Red Planet with nothing more than a dream and a lot of butterflies in my stomach.

At mission control at JPL, it was do or die time. It was a tough moment for the team, knowing that the whole world was watching and by the end of the day they’d be heroes or zeros. In a short window of seven minutes, the time it takes to go from atmospheric entry to touchdown, all their work of the previous years was put on the line. Around mission control, this phase of entry, descent and landing was affectionately known as the “seven minutes of terror.” And that was just for the guys on the ground—imagine what it was like for me!

And because it would take over 15 minutes for my signal, traveling at the speed of light, to make the trip from Mars to Earth, my landing would be over before my team knew if it had started.

At 4:46 p.m. (PDT), the first indication that I had entered the Martian atmosphere was received in mission control. For the next seven tense minutes, the team watched. There was nothing more they could do but hope that hundreds of pre-programmed commands would execute correctly.

In the end, my arrival to Mars went better than anyone had hoped. Not only did I do a perfect landing, but also my signal came through loud and clear from the start of atmospheric entry all the way to the ground.

One phase of my mission had ended and a new phase was beginning. It was time to open my eyes, look out across the Martian horizon, and pray I’d landed within reach of ice.

This is part 2 of an ongoing series by our latest guest editor, NASA's Phoenix Mars Lander, as it faces its final days. You can find Phoenix Lander's previous Giz entries here and its Twitter feed here.

While I’ve spent my entire mission talking to followers via Twitter, some things just can’t be said in 140 characters or less. So I was thrilled when the editors of Gizmodo asked if I would contribute as a guest blogger, and even more thrilled when they said I could write more than two sentences at a time.

One of the most common questions I’m asked, and one of the most difficult to explain, is whether I knew going in that this mission would cost me my life. The answer to that is yes, of course, and there’s not a single robotic explorer in our solar system that doesn’t know it faces the same fate. Unlike all of you, most of us can’t go home again.

Perhaps what troubles people most is that my mission will come to an end so soon. They want to know what it is the long-lasting Mars rovers have that I don’t? Just like the rovers, I set out on a mission expected to last a mere 90 days. I’ve outlived my warranty and lasted five months, but those plucky rovers have lasted nearly five years (with no end in sight).

What the rovers have that I don’t is sunlight and plenty of it. They’re on opposite sides of the planet from each other and located close enough to the Martian equator to ensure they get a good dose of sunshine every day (um, sol) of the year.

And sun equals life when you’re a solar powered robot.

I’m located in the far north, above the Martian arctic circle. When I landed at the start of summer, this was the land of the midnight sun. But summer is giving way to autumn and now the sun dips below the horizon for longer periods of time each day. Right now, the sun dips below the horizon for seven hours a day, and it’s only a matter of time before I’m in total darkness. And if that wasn’t bad enough, the temperatures here will drop to -180F, low enough to destroy circuit boards and crack my solar arrays.

“But your name is Phoenix!” some say. “That means you’ll come back to life, right?”

Many people don’t know that the name “Phoenix” was bestowed on me the first time I came back to life. That was in 2003, when NASA decided to pull me out of storage and prepare me for my current mission. I was sitting in storage because my original mission—a flight to Mars in 2001—was cancelled after a 1999 mission was lost during landing.

At the time, I was half-built and under the guidance of Ed Sedivy, a spacecraft manager at Lockheed Martin. Ed, as you can imagine, wasn’t thrilled to learn his spacecraft had been cancelled, but he understood NASA hesitance in going forward with a mission that had similarities to the ’99 mission. Ed moved on to manage other spacecraft for Lockheed Martin, but he didn’t forget I was there.

In 2002, something wonderful happened. An instrument on the Mars Odyssey spacecraft, an orbiter, detected a lot of “H.” That’s H as in hydrogen—the H of H2O—sitting there under the Martian surface. “I was blown away by the data,” said Bill Boynton, the lead scientist, at a press conference to announce the finding. "This is really amazing. This is the best direct evidence we have of subsurface water ice on Mars.”

That discovery got a lot of scientists thinking. One of them, Peter Smith, wanted to reach out and touch that ice. And Peter knew about a half-built spacecraft sitting in storage in Denver that just happened to have the right stuff, including a 7.7-foot robotic arm. Peter, of the University of Arizona in Tucson, proposed that I be taken out of storage and sent to touch that ice. He even came up with an appropriate name for a spacecraft that was getting a second chance. He called me Phoenix.

Pulling me out of storage didn’t immediately bring me to life. No, there was plenty of work to do first. A team at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory was given the ulcer-inducing responsibility to make sure that whatever doomed the ‘99 mission wouldn’t happen again. Barry Goldstein, fresh from his work on the Mars Exploration Rover Mission, was appointed to lead the JPL team.

Barry and his team at JPL, along with Ed and his team at Lockheed Martin, began to take apart, test, and examine every system. They were on a quest to locate anything that could fail because when it comes to landing, just one mistake can end a mission. They started out with one suspected culprit—the retro rockets used during landing—but in the end they found and fixed over one dozen issues that could have led to some pretty dire consequences I’d rather not think about.

So in that sense I arose from the ashes back in 2003 when I began my current trek to Mars. When people ask if I knew going in that I’d eventually become a frozen fixture on the Red Planet, the answer is yes, and it’s a heck of a better place to be than locked in storage.

This is part 1 of an ongoing series by our latest guest editor, NASA's Phoenix Mars Lander, as it faces its final days. You can find Phoenix Lander's previous Giz entries here and its Twitter feed here.

• Phoenix Mars Lander Looks Back on its Re-Birth
• This is What Landing On Mars Feels Like
• Martian Ice Is Why I'm Alive and Why I'm Dying
• This is My Farewell Transmission From Mars

According to Steve Jolly, from Lockheed Martin, "the biggest challenge for the MSL aeroshell is its gigantic size. It's almost double the size of our Mars Exploration Rovers' [Spirit and Opportunity] aeroshells. When you are building a structure that big, there are many considerations we had to take into account, including the fact that this is a lifting capsule that is steerable."

It was delivered last week to the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, and it's just half of the two-part shell that will encapsulate the rover during the travel to Mars and the descent. You can bet that a lot of dumb crazy martians—wearing their silly tinfoil hats—will be thinking this is actually an UFO while, obviously, it is just a exploration spaceship from another planet. [Lockheed Martin]

Boeing Advanced Systems says that this is not a "cartoon", but a real prototype "representative of what we're doing". The new bomber won't require the development of new technologies, as they are gunning for lower costs by integrating existing ones.

The Northrop Grumman proposal for the NGP may seem chunkier and not so elegant, but apparently it has been designed to make room for a large weapon bay. As if throwing one nuclear bomb wasn't enough. [Ares via Defense Tech]

[Lockheed Martin]

Click on the image above to get the high-res image

F-35 Shopping List

29,036 pounds of composite, aluminum, titanium, and miscellaneous alloys for the fuselage.

1 × Pratt & Whitney F135 afterburning turbofan.

1 × Rolls-Royce Lift System (for STOVL model).

1 × Multi-Mission Active Electronically Scanned Array (AESA) Radar.

1 × Electro-Optical Distributed Aperture System, for full 360º situational awareness.

1 × Electro-Optical Targeting System + 1 × Sapphire Window.

1 × Helmet Mounted Display from hell.

1 × GAU-22/A 25 mm cannon.

1 × 8" x 20" Multi-Function (panoramic projection) Display System (image below).

[The Dew Line]