Sudwala Caves
South Africa’s Sudwala Caves are ancient; they formed about 240 million years ago, hundreds of millions of years before T. rex was a twinkle in the eye of deep time. Sudwala is mostly formed from dolomite, but also some chert and limestone. Some of the large rock formations in the cave—caused as water in the cave drips and dries, are nearly as old as the cave itself. There are also fossils in the cave—stromatolites, one of the earliest forms of life—making the cave a testament to not only Earth’s history, but that of life itself.
