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The Space Shuttle that never was

An uncrewed X-34 on the tarmac.
An uncrewed X-34 on the tarmac. Photo: NASA

The Space Shuttle was the way of the future—or so it seemed. Eager to take the program to the next level, NASA began to explore updated concepts for a reusable space transportation system, which they did starting in the early 199os. The culmination of these efforts was the Orbital Sciences X-34, a prototype for testing a low-cost reusable vehicle and for running suborbital flight experiments. An X-34 neared completion in 2001, but the program was axed due to budget concerns.