Genital Herpes
The infection: Genital herpes is usually caused by the herpes simplex virus type 2, but it can also sometimes be caused by the herpes simplex virus type 1 if transmitted through oral sex from someone with mouth sores. Over half a million new cases of genital herpes occur annually, and 12% of Americans are thought to carry HSV-2.
Symptoms and long-term effects: The initial outbreak may cause sores around the genitals and rectum, discharge, and flu-like symptoms. Afterwards, the virus will largely remain dormant, but people can experience flare-ups of these symptoms, which are usually milder. During these periods, people are more likely to be contagious, and the virus could spread from mother to child during delivery.
How to treat it: Herpes isn’t curable, but medications can reduce the length of symptoms during flare-ups, as well as reduce the risk of transmission to others. Condoms can reduce transmission risk as well. Neonatal herpes can be life-threatening and requires urgent treatment with antivirals.
