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Bacterial vaginosis

A micrograph of vaginal cells collected from someone showing signs of bacterial vaginosis. — A micrograph of vaginal cells collected from someone showing signs of bacterial vaginosis. Image: CDC/M. Rein

The infection: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is caused by an overgrowth of certain bacteria in the vagina. Though not technically a sexually transmitted infection, sex is a leading risk factor for BV, and it’s rarely seen in people who aren’t sexually active. An estimated 21.2 million U.S. women ages 14 to 49 (29.2%) are thought to have it.

Symptoms and long-term effects: Symptoms include a thin white or gray vaginal discharge, burning while urinating, and a strong fishy-like vaginal odor. It can also raise the risk of contracting other STDs as well as the risk of pregnancy complications.

How to treat it: BV may go away on its own, but antibiotics can speed the process along and are especially recommended for pregnant people.

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