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A moon’s landscape up close

Io as seen by Juno on December 30, 2023.
Io as seen by Juno on December 30, 2023. Image: NASA/Image processed by Kevin M. Gill

In December 2023, Juno had a close encounter with Io, coming within 930 miles of the volcanic moon’s surface. It was the closest flyby of the moon by any spacecraft in the last 20 years, according to NASA. Io is the most volcanically active body in our solar system, and its surface is peppered with volcanoes and (as a later slide will show) lakes of molten rock.