This sits beautifully nestled in my science geek and design geek Venn overlap quadrant: a good place to be.
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Designers Squidspot created the table, with fonts arranged roughly into related group columns showing (although Akzidenz Grotesk and Helvetica not being in the same family! Ok, I'll stop). They've also ranked each roughly according to popularity according to a number of sources.
It's really cool to see who designed which typeface and when, and where everything falls in the popularity queue. [Periodic Table of Typefaces (full-res JPG) by Squidspot via Lifehacker]
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DISCUSSION
I can not believe that this doesn't have Johnston (aka Johnston Sans) designed in 1913 by Johnston and Eric Gill for the London Underground. While it wasn't the first San Serif typeface, it was probably responsible for the spread of San Serif.
It should be sitting just above Gill Sans.